![Actuators | Free Full-Text | FPGA-Based Hybrid Stepper Motor Drive System Design by Variable Structure Control Actuators | Free Full-Text | FPGA-Based Hybrid Stepper Motor Drive System Design by Variable Structure Control](https://pub.mdpi-res.com/actuators/actuators-10-00113/article_deploy/html/images/actuators-10-00113-g001.png?1622448069)
Actuators | Free Full-Text | FPGA-Based Hybrid Stepper Motor Drive System Design by Variable Structure Control
![Figure 3 from A low cost sensorless drive for hybrid stepper motors based on back-EMF observer and d-axis current injection for industrial labelling machines | Semantic Scholar Figure 3 from A low cost sensorless drive for hybrid stepper motors based on back-EMF observer and d-axis current injection for industrial labelling machines | Semantic Scholar](https://d3i71xaburhd42.cloudfront.net/a7c5cc8c372b44c65db38893e4a2ce3d599724d0/4-Figure3-1.png)
Figure 3 from A low cost sensorless drive for hybrid stepper motors based on back-EMF observer and d-axis current injection for industrial labelling machines | Semantic Scholar
![View of the hybrid stepper motor (a) Configuration of the HSM, (b) The... | Download Scientific Diagram View of the hybrid stepper motor (a) Configuration of the HSM, (b) The... | Download Scientific Diagram](https://www.researchgate.net/publication/340733390/figure/fig1/AS:11431281179245505@1691165695835/View-of-the-hybrid-stepper-motor-a-Configuration-of-the-HSM-b-The-basic-principle.png)